SKILL DEVELOPMENT IN INDIA

Skill Development in India

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 Skill Development in India

Skill India is a campaign launched by Government of India on 15 July 2015 which aim to train over 40 crore (400 million) people in India in different skills by 2022. It includes various initiatives of the government like “National Skill Development Mission”, “National Policy for Skill Development and Entrepreneurship, 2015”, “Pradhan Mantri Kaushal Vikas Yojana (PMKVY)” and the “Skill Loan scheme”.

Various initiatives under this campaign are:

·         National Skill Development Mission

·         National Policy for Skill Development and Entrepreneurship, 2015

·         Pradhan Mantri Kaushal Vikas Yojana (PMKVY)

·         Skill Loan scheme

·         Rural India Skill

2017 marked the 2nd Anniversary of World Youth Skills Day. Minister of state for Skill Development inaugurated 100 GST centres. He announced that 5 lakh graduates will be trained at these centres across the country. Ministry of Skill Development will promote Apprenticeship Training to increase the engagement of apprentices to 50 lakhs by 2050.

SKILL DEVELOPMENT IN PAST

·         In the pre-Independence era, there was a lot of debate on this especially by Mahatma Gandhi in his Wardha scheme of education with focus on skill development.

·         It was understood that there would be two modes of employment, Capital Intensive and Labour Intensive. India could not entirely depend on Capital Intensive mode of job creation.

·         In Capital Intensive Industries, an average of Rs. 4 crores investment creates only 1 job. So this is clearly not a favourable solution.

·         Institutes like IITs, IIMS had good support from the government with appropriate Funding and Research facilities whereas, the intermediary institutes (like ITIs) did not get enough support.

CURRENT SCENARIO

·         Current government has moved in the right direction identifying the issues and finding solutions to prevent loss of demographic dividend.

·         Overall in India, there is a gap between education, employability and employment.

·         Providing skill to the workforce will boost economic growth and also generate employment.

·         In our country, a million people join the labour market every month, out of which majority are well educated. For example, India produces a million engineers a year out of which only 25% get meaningful. Other 75% get ordinary jobs or remain unemployed for a longer period of time.

SOME ISSUES IN THE CURRENT SCENARIO

·         Fraudulent Institutes coming up in the context of quality education.

·         Human Development Indices (HDI) of various States (like UP, Bihar) are very low.

·         Number of dropouts from school and college is very large.

SOME DATA

·         Ministry of Skill Development and Entrepreneurship has trained 1.17 crore people under its program during last 2 years (2015-17).

·         More than 28 lakhs trained under Pradhan Mantri Kaushal Vikas Yojana.

·         Rs. 12000 crores allocated by Central Government Ministry for their flagship scheme.

·         600% increase in candidates trained in 2017 compared to 2014 under NSDC’s short term fee based Skill Development Model.

·         More than 6 lakh apprentices engaged by companies under the National Apprenticeship Program post comprehensive reforms in the Apprenticeship Act, 1961.

·         44% increase in number of seats in ITIs with focus on upgradation and modernisation.

·         200 PM Kaushal Kendra opened to provide quality training.

·         Target to provide 1 centre in each district totalling to 556 centres across the country.

·         More than 93 crores under Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) committed by companies for skill development in 2016-17

·         By 2020, india is said to have the highest population in the working age group.

NEED FOR ENTREPRENEURSHIP?

·         Government realises that in the year of globalisation, liberalisation, competitiveness and with the governments commitment to reduce its fiscal deficit, it cannot provide jobs to everyone.

·         PPP model and Entrepreneurship are of prime focus.

·         Providing Entrepreneurship opportunities along with Ease of Doing Business would ensure better employment opportunities for everyone.

NEED FOR EDUCATION?

·         Inequality in income and education is one of the major issues of modern India.

·         There is a strong need for quality education at all levels including Primary, Secondary and Higher Education.

·         Government should look into the multilingual nature of the Indian society with English speaking population still very low. There is a need for imparting education and skill knowledge in the mother tongue so that both accessibility and desirability improves. Hence, alleviating BPL as well.

REQUIREMENT OF SKILLED WORKFORCE WILL BE NEARLY 30 CRORES BY 2020 IN INDIA. ARE WE ANYWHERE NEAR THE TARGET?

NOT YET.

·         The Output: Input ratio of skilled workforce has increased but not substantially.

·         Multidimensional approach is required. One needs to understand and follow the East Asian model with its quality of Manpower hard to match.

·         There is a need to think towards quality manpower in a way that manufacturers are also attracted to India.

·         We have excellent engineers, executives and management people but it is a top heavy Trickle down approach which does not work effectively in the Indian concept.

·         There is a need to enhance the skill of every Indian.